Urology is that branch of medicine that deals with the diseases of the organs associated with urinary tract and related organs in both the sexes. This includes the prostrate, kidneys, bladder etc In males, the reproductive system or the genital tract is also associated with the urinary systems as the male reproductive organs like the testis, epididymis, vas deferens are in very close contact with the urinary organs. And when either one of the systems is affected by a certain disease, the other system is affected too. That is why for males the word urogenital is the word that is more commonly used.

 For females, the specialty of medicine that deals with the reproductive system is called Obstetrics and Gynecology. The surgeons who treat urologic problems are called urologists. The medical specialty that deals with kidneys is called nephrology.

The urologists have to deal with a number of debilitating and fatal diseases. Some of them are end stage renal disease or ESRD, kidney stone disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH, interstitial cystitis, urinary incontinence, polycystic kidney disease, urinary tract infection or UTI, erectile dysfunction in males etc.

It is mostly the older people who are affected by urologic problems, and the incidence of these diseases are expected to be on a rise, as the population comprising of senior citizens are set to increase.